International Surrogacy Topic Quiz

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* 1. What is gestational surrogacy?

Where a woman carries a child for someone else to raise but uses her own eggs and a sperm donor.

Where a woman carries a child for someone else to raise but uses her own eggs and the sperm of the intended father.

Where a woman carries a child for someone else to raise but her own eggs are not used in the conception so she has no genetic link to the child to be born.

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* 2. If intended parents use a surrogate in another country where the intended parents are automatically recognised as the birth parents on the birth certificate, should the intended parents apply for a parental order in the UK?

Yes, any non-genetic intended parent must get a parental order.

No, because birth certificates are automatically recognised in the UK.

Yes. Although not a legal requirement in UK law, without a Parental Order the surrogate will be the child’s legal mother and neither of the intended parents will necessarily be recognised as the child’s legal parent.

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* 3. Must the identity and consent of the surrogate be known for the making of a parental order?

Yes

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* 4. Who appoints a Parental Order Reporter?

The Court (and Cafcass)

The intended parents

The local authority where the intended parents live

The local newspaper

Children’s rights and principles

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* 5. What factors should be considered when establishing someone’s connections with the UK, as part of Section 54 criteria?

Family and social relationships

Whether they have a home here

Whether their employer is based here

Where do they pay tax

Do they intend to live in the UK permanently?

All of the above

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* 6. When is it okay for reasonable expenses to be made to surrogates overseas?

If they are made in ‘good faith’ and legal in the jurisdiction in which they were made

Never. Surrogacy is illegal in England and Wales.

If they only cover basic expenses, such as hospital visits and transport.

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* 7. When might you come across international surrogacy issues?

When a child is stranded in another country from that of their intended parents

When parents of a surrogate born child separate and it becomes problematic that one or both are not legal parents of the child because they had not sought a Parental Order

If a Child in Need is surrogate-born and Parental Orders are not in place

All of the above

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* 8. What proportion of parental orders (approximately) are overseas arrangements (as of April 2021)?

10%

30%

50%

80%

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* 9. Please tick the below where minimum standards exist internationally

Child welfare assessments & preparation

Restrictions in number of children born to a single surrogate and/or egg donor

Regulation of surrogacy agencies

Regulation around data collection for surrogacy arrangements

None of the above

All of the above

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* 10. What are the implications of a donor-conceived (DC) person not knowing their origins? (tick all that apply)

It could affect the family dynamics given that the parents (and maybe others) know and the DC person does not

The DC person could find out accidentally and experience loss of trust in others for withholding the information

If the DC person finds out, they may have to reappraise their identity

There may be medical implications from assuming they know their medical history when they don’t

The increase in online DNA testing, such as ancestry testing, is leading to more DC people finding out about their origins but without professional support to process information

They may learn that they have a number of donor-related siblings, perhaps in different countries

G They may learn that their donor is from another country and another culture and may not even share a language

There may be implications for their relationships with wider family, including future partners, children and so on

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* 11. Please provide your name and email address so that we can confirm that you have completed this confirm.

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